

Welcome to a virtual tour of some of places in Ypres, Venice, and London mentioned in the House of the Rose series.
I was lucky enough to make a return visit to Venice in late May of 2006. One of the things I did with my new digital camera--equipped with a zoom lens!--was to begin documenting the beautiful Byzantine and medieval Italian stone carvings around the city.
Piazza San Marco is particularly rich in stonework--in addition to the amazing friezes and sculptured doorways of the Basilica San Marco, each of the column capitals in the Doge's Palace colonnade that forms one side of the square has a unique (and often whimsical) design, plus there are numerous examples of late-Roman and Byzantine statuary and reliefs on display. These Roman and Byzantine works are displays of wartime booty, brought back from present-day Turkey by the victorious Venetian forces after they helped Crusaders sack Constantinople in 1204.
| View from the colonnade at the Doge's Palace
This long, marble-paved colonnade forms one side of Piazza San Marco, stretching from the cathedral down to the embankment at the lagoon's edge. This shot was taken from inside the colonnade, looking across the square towards the Campanile, the cathedral's free-standing belltower. |
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Piazza San Marco and Doge's Palace from the cathedral roof
(October 2000) It's still pretty early in the morning, so the people in the square below are outnumbered by the pigeons. The two columns at the lagoon-side entrance to the square are topped by statues depicting the winged Lion of St. Mark, its paws resting on a copy of the Gospel; and St. Theodore, conquering a large crocodile. If you look carefully, you can see a raised wooden walkway being assembled along the left side of the square, in front of the colonnade, because of a high tide/storm surge warning. Piazza San Marco was expected to flood at high tide that afternoon, but luckily, it didn't. |
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Family grouping - Doge's Palace
This charming relief on one end of the colonnade is surrounded by intricately-sculpted acanthus leaves (which were an ancient Roman symbol of eternal life...anyone who's ever tried to rid themselves of acanthus bushes in their garden can attest that these plants are nearly impossible to uproot or kill). |
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Noah and His Sons
This relief of Noah and two of his sons under a burgeoning grapevine can be found on the other side of the Doge's Palace from the colonnade. It forms the corner between the lagoon-facing facade and the wall of the building that runs along a narrow canal spanned by the Bridge of Sighs, which is actually a covered walkway leading from the city jail to the courtrooms in the Doge's Palace. The Bible-inspired carving illustrates an episode in Noah's life after the Flood, as related in the Old Testament Book of Genesis. From the King James Bible: {9:20}And Noah began [to be] an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: {9:21} And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. {9:22} And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. {9:23} And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid [it] upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces [were] backward, and they saw not their father’s nakedness. |
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The Knight, the Goat, and the Scorpion
Now, we move along the length of the actual colonnade, with its beautiful medieval marble arches. Each of the column capitals is unique--some illustrate Biblical scenes or fairy tales, some depict trades, and some, like this column, refer to literary allusions of vices and virtues. I'm not certain what the symbology of this carving of a knight, mounted on a goat or sheep, pursued by a scorpion, is supposed to represent. It may be a reference to a medieval folktale, or it may have astrological significance by depicting the symbols of Capricorn and Scorpio. |
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A Medieval Couple in Bed
This capital depicts famous couples from history and literature. Facing the Piazza San Marco, the carvings are of demure-looking literary couples. But if you walk around to the inside of the colonnade, and look up, you'll see a bolder pair of lovers, all snuggled up in bed amongst the carved acanthus leaves! |
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Teacher and Students
This column features various professions--in the center of the photo, we see a professor (with a really cool hat) lecturing from a book and surrounded by adoring students. To the professor's right, you can see the prow of a fisherman's boat. |
| Shoemakers and a Fruit Vendor
This is another column featuring various professions. To the right, we see a couple of shoemakers cutting leather and putting the finishing touches on a pair of slippers hung on a rack. On the left, a female vendor offers apples from a wicker basket. |
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Medieval Scribe
And now, my favorite on the column featuring various professions--a writer, and a pretty productive one, if the roll of parchment spilling over the side of his desk is any indication! |
| Marble Relief with Griffins and Grapevines
One of the interesting features of the Basilica San Marco is the collection of looted reliefs, carved columns, and statues embedded in the exterior walls on the side of the cathedral facing the Doge's Palaces. Given the cutthroat mercantile policies of the Venetians, I rather think the display of booty helped discourage emissaries of other cities, who had to pass right by this Wall of Stolen Stuff on their way into the Doge's Palace. I believe this beautiful panel of griffins guarding a potted grapevine was among the many items looted from Constantinople in 1204. Nearby, there are also marble panels depicting semi-abstract floral motives and peacocks. |
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Tetrarchs, Basilica San Marco
Another bit of booty from the sacking of Constantinople: a red poryphry statue depicting the four rulers (or Tetrarchs) of the late third-century Roman Empire. The four men (the Augustae, or emperors of the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire, plus their Caesares, or assistant emperors) are dressed as aristocratic warriors and wearing swords with pommels carved into Imperial eagles, form one corner of the Basilica San Marco. You can also see some looted marble panels embedded in the cathedral wall to the right of the statue, as well as the carved marble pediment of a Byzantine building to the left.. |
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Basilica San Marco--Doorway and Window with Statue of Winged Lion
The Basilica San Marco is an interesting blend of architectural styles, in addition to the aforementioned looted panels, statues, and columns embedded in its walls. From the front, the cathedral is very Byzantine-looking, with domes and lots of gilded mosaic work. But if you walk around the cathedral, to the left, you see that the western wall is done in high Gothic, the stonework carved like lace around the characteristic quatrefoil windows. This doorway is surmounted by a statue of Venice's hallmark Winged Lion of St. Mark facing a kneeling Doge, and an amazing medieval window. |
| Romanesque doorway, Basilica San Marco
In contrast to the very busy high Gothic western wall of the cathedral, the front of the cathedral features multiple doorways done in a Romanesque/Byzantine style--short columns, rounded arches, very simple carvings, and lots of mosaic work. You can see the edge of another looted marble column, intricately carved, on the right side of the photo. |
The city of Ypres (Ieper in Flemish) was one of the economic giants of Europe during the Middle Ages. Ypres was the capital of the duchy of Flanders, and many of its citizens became immensely wealthy by producing and selling high-quality cloth produced with imported wool from England.
Because the city was so heavily damaged during the First World War, most of the buildings in the current incarnation of this walled city are faithful reconstructions of the destroyed medieval originals.
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St. John's Almshouse
This medieval dormitory for the poor served as the model for the Ypres House of the Rose. It's actually the Municipal Museum nowadays, which gave me the opportunity to go inside this centuries-old building. |
| The Cloth-Hall
The construction on this building began around 1200, and continued for over a century, finally completing in 1304. It's huge, with chambers and halls large enough to hold fairs during inclement weather--a testament to the importance of the wool-cloth trade to medieval Ypres. Like many northern European municipal buildings, the ground floor offers a large covered area for merchants to set up booths. Even today, you'll find fruit and vegetable booths here on market days. |
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| St. Martin's Cathedral
Like many other medieval cathedrals, construction work on this building proceeded over decades. During the time that Glass Souls takes place, this building is being used for services, but it's still under construction. It's also not yet the bishop's seat in 1260, and therefore we refer to it as St. Martin's Church in the novel, rather than cathedral. |
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| Tempeliershuis
This three-story building with a gorgeous carved stone facade is said to have belonged to the Knights Templar, though the actual historical evidence for this is a bit shaky. Like many of the other medieval houses and buildings in Ypres, it is a replica of the original medieval building destroyed during WWI. |
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| Meat House (Vleeshuis)
The ground floor of this house dates from 1275, and the second story from the mid-1500s. It's a Youth Association Hall these days. |
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| Rijelspoort
One of the fortified city gates to Ypres, with a stone walkway over the Ieperlee, a man-made resevoir that wasn't yet in existence in the thirteenth century. |
Thirteenth-century Venice was one of the most powerful--and certainly one of the richest-- cities in Europe. A major naval power, her shipyard (known as the Arsenale, a corruption of the Arabic word Dar sina'a, meaning "House of Industry") could turn out warships at an amazing rate. Venetian traders imported luxury goods and slaves from all over the Mediterranean, and the Venetian lagoon was also a major point of departure for Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land. To this end, special pilgrim galleys, capable of holding hundreds of passengers, were constructed. In 1204, the Venetians even managed to divert the Fourth Crusade and use its manpower to lay siege to (and eventually conquer and pillage) Constantinople, the capital city of Venice's longtime rival, the Byzantine Empire.
Outside of its historical importance, Venice is one of my favorite places. I've visited the city four times now, and each of my trips has offered unique experiences--a rooftop walk around the domes of San Marco; an exquisite late-Roman church on Murano; and, of course, cruising the canals on a vaporetto, one of the canal boats that serve as Venice's bus system.
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The approach to Venice from the lagoon, with the Piazza San Marco and the Doge's Palace. This would have been Dominic's first view of the city on his voyage from Alexandria, minus the Renaissance and modern buildings, of course. |
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A set of typical medieval and Renaissance Venetian palazzi along the Grand Canal, with a small docking area and warehouse on the ground floor and living quarters on the second, third, and fourth stories. |
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A typical Venetian "side-street." |
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Shopping for the catch of the day in the medieval Pescheria, the Fish Market! |
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Just so you always remember what to shop for here--whimsical carved fish capital on the Pescheria columns. |
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The interior courtyard of the Doge's Palace, which is an amazing jumble of different architectural styles that range from high gothic to Arabian Nights baroque. |
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A haunting carved capital on one of the many columns of the colonnade that lines the Piazza San Marco side of the Doge's Palace. At one point, I considered using this photo as the cover for Glass Souls--something about the woman's expression reminds me of Cecilia, and there are three handsome men flanking her--Michel, Roland, and Dominic, perhaps? |
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The Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal, as seen from a vaporetto, one of the small boats that serve as Venice's bus system. For centuries, this was the only bridge over the Grand Canal. Various wooden versions of this bridge have been built on this spot for over a thousand years--the current Rialto is made of carved stone and dates from the late 1500's. |
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The Grand Canal at sunset...one can imagine the people of the House of Rose seeing a sight very similar to this as they return home after a busy day of trading fine luxury goods like the House's trademark attar of roses. |
In May and June of 2006, I took a cruise of the Adriatic, Mediterranean, and Aegean, which started from Venice and had stops in Athens, Dubrovnik, Crete, Kusadasi (Turkey), Mykonos, Corfu, and Rhodes.
I found Rhodes particularly fascinating--not only were there ancient ruins from the classical Greek period, but the harbor was a beautifully-preserved medieval fortress. Rhodes was dominated by the Crusader Knights of St. John (also known as the Knights Hospitaller for the pilgrim hostels and hospitals they founded and maintained) for 400 years, until the Ottoman Turks, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, conquered the island in 1522, and sent the surviving knights into exile on the island of Malta.
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In addition to their stated mission of aiding and protecting pilgrims bound for the Holy Land, the Knights of St. John had a pretty profitable piracy enterprise going, preying on Turkish shipping. The island of Rhodes lies a mere 12 miles off the coast of Turkey, and since most medieval shipping followed coastal routes, Turkish merchant vessels proved easy prey for the Crusders. Here's a view of the medieval city walls, taken from the Splendour of the Seas, moored in the harbor. The castle-like structure topping the hill on the right side is the Palace of the Grand Masters of the Order of the Knights of St. John. |
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The Palace of the Grand Masters of the Knights of St. John is an impressive building, looking like a miniature castle, three stories high, with crenellated towers, but the tour guide said it was a modern reconstruction. Apparently the original palace blew up when lightning hit a nearby ammunition dump in the 1800s, and the Italians who occupied Rhodos in the 1930s reconstructed the palace from old engravings but without the aid of blueprints, in hopes that Mussolini might want the castle as a summer home. So, the façade is faithful to the original building, but the interior was built to suit the imagined needs of the Italian dictator. Today, it's a museum chronicling the city's Crusader past. |
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The Street of the Knights leads from the harbor gate up to the Palace of the Grand Master. It is cobbled with small pebbles and lined with impressive medieval knight's dormitories, made from the same stone as the city walls. The Knights of St. John were divided into groups by nationality, and each nationality had its own mini-headquarters and dormitory, as well as its assigned portion of the city walls to defend. |
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Nowadays, the knights' dormitories house government offices, and in the case of the French knights' dormitory, the Consulate of France. At least they didn't have to change the carved marble French royal coat of arms over the doorway! |
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The Hospital of the Knights, dating from the late 1400s, which is now the Archaeological Museum. It's a very impressive building, and still in excellent shape. The hospital is built around a central courtyard, with wide arcaded walks on both floors, and stone-walled rooms opening up to the courtyard. |
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The interior courtyard of the Hospital of the Knights. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, these rooms served as hostel accommodations for pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, as well as hospice care for the ill or injured. Nowadays, they house the collection of the archaeological museum, the small, thick-walled chambers holding display cases of black-and-red pottery from the classical period, broken sculptures and carved grave stelae from the Hellenistic and Roman periods, as well as a collection of votive offerings-- jewelry, statuettes, gold and silver objects--found in the ruins of the temples at the archaeological excavations of nearby Kamiros. |
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The Great Hall in the Hospital of the Knights. This great hall, located on the second story of the Hospital of the Knights, runs the length of the hospital's facade It was once the place where knights and pilgrims took communal meals and celebrated religious services; today, it serves to display the badly battered sarcophagi of the knights. |
In the summer of 2000, my employer sent me to our London UK offices for four months, to work on a documenting a software project. What an opportunity for some on-site research! I spent all of my weekends traveling to various historical sites, and took lots of photos.
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The effigy of the Earl of Salisbury, known as William Longspee the Younger, in Salisbury Cathedral. This effigy represents an empty tomb--as chronicled in Glass Souls, William Longspee died at the Battle of al-Mansurah in Egypt and his body was buried in the Crusader city of Acre in present-day Israel. |
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The Templar monument, just outside the Temple Church, in London. The bronze statue at the top of the column depicts two knights riding a single horse, an adaptation of the famous Templar seal. |
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Temple Church, exterior, in London. The site of the famous Temple courts of law was once the Templar Preceptory. The round shape of the church is typical for Templar churches. |
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Temple Church, interior. The church was badly damaged during the Blitz in WWII, and had to be extensively restored. |
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Some of the medieval effigies in the Temple Church. This effigy is of Gilbert Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. |
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The Deanery, on the grounds of Salisbury Cathedral. A thirteenth-century building consisting of a Great Hall plus pantry, buttery (from botlerie, where the bottles of wine and ale were stored), and apartments. |
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Interior of the Deanery--the Great Hall. Note the dais, where the highest-ranking folks were seated, and the open hearth in the middle of the hall floor. Wall-fireplaces and chimneys were just coming into use in the 13th century--they were common in southern Europe, but slower to catch on in Northern Europe. The woodbeam-and-slate roof of this hall has a louvered opening above the hearth, to allow smoke to escape. |
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A 13th-century house in Salisbury. A typical medieval English half-timbered house from about 1260, with shops on the bottom story and living quarters upstairs. |
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A medieval solar, preserved at Kentwell House in Suffolk. It's upstairs from what was formerly the Great Hall, and boasts frescoed walls and painted ceiling-beams. |
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A medieval bakehouse with brick oven, preserved at Kentwell House in Suffolk. |
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A medieval palace kitchen with huge hearth used for roasting game, preserved at Hampton Court Palace. |
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A tiled floor from the 1200's, preserved in one of the side chapels at Westminster Cathedral in London. |
In October of 2005, I visited Chicago, and took the opportunity to visit the famous Oriental Institute archaeological museum at the University of Chicago. To my delight, they permit you to photograph all of the exhibits in the galleries! I spent quite a few hours wandering around, looking at the collection. The Oriental Institute also has a wonderful Web site, which includes reports from archaeological excavations that go back decades!
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A relief of an Apkallu, winged and bearded, with a pinecone-shaped aspergillum and a small bucket of what was probably some sort of holy water or oil. |
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The Chicago Stone
The columns of text written on this black basalt tablet record the sale of a number of fields. Although the name of the buyer isn't given on this stone, land sale records of this period usually record aquisition of property by a single buyer from several sellers. The purchases recorded on this stone were all made in silver, although in some cases, additional payments in oil, wood, and bread were also noted. Stone was expensive in ancient Mesopotamia, so the use of this valuable and durable material for this document shows that it was intended to be a permanent and indestructible record. Sales records like this one were deposited in temples, putting them under the protection of a god while also allowing them to be publicly accessible. They served to describe the land owned by an individual, and to describe how that individual came into possession of the land. |
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These statues, wide-eyed with reverence for the gods, their hands clasped respectfully at the waist, were dedicated to the temples to serve as votive figures. This particular group of statuettes are about a foot high, and date from the Early Dynastic Period (2900 - 2330 BC). |
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These warriors are part of a monumental frieze that decorated the walls of a royal Babylonian palace. These guys are about three times the size of a live human being. |
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This 15-foot-high winged, human-headed bull is part of a monumental Babylonian gate. You can imagine the difficulties that the museum faced in packing up this huge block of stone and shipping it from the Middle East to Chicago. | ![]() |
This frieze of lions and rosettes once decorated the main corridor of the Assyrian royal palace. I really liked it. |
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